Beyond Structured Settlements

Pacific Life v. Rapid Settlements

The Second Circuit Court of Appeals yesterday rejected Rapid Settlement's claim that the Federal Arbitration Act supersedes the New York Structured Settlement Protection Act.

In the case titled "Pacific Life Insurance Company v. Rapid Settlements, Ltd.", Confederation Life Insurance and Annuity Company joined Pacific Life as a Plaintiff-Appellee. Joyce Allen was the structured structured settlement recipient who attempted to transfer payment rights.

The Summary Order from three Second Circuit judges unanimously affirmed a January 5, 2007 order of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York:

• Declaring "void and unenforceable" a purported assignment to Rapid of structured settlement payment rights;
• Declaring "void and unenforceable" an arbitration award purporting to effectuate the assignment;
• Enjoining Rapid from taking any further legal action "in any forum" to recover the structured settlement annuity payments.

In its appeal, Rapid argued:

• Rapid's earlier arbitration award in Texas was valid and enforceable under the Federal Arbitration Act; and
• The Full Faith and Credit Clause in Article IV of the United States Constitution required the New York District Court "to give preclusive effect to a Texas state court judgment confirming the arbitration award".

The Second Circuit Court of Appeals rejected Rapid's argument "for substantially the reasons stated by the District Court in its order". The Court's Order noted the following as "undisputed" when the purported assignment occurred:

• Allen was a resident of New York; and
• The New York Settlement Protection Act accordingly was applicable.

For a summary of the District Court decision, see Drinker Biddle's September 2007 Structured Settlement Update.

Stephen Harris, the Drinker Biddle law partner who represented Pacific and Confederation in the Second Circuit appeal, predicts the case result will become "important judicial precedent" in other Rapid cases now pending in the Third and Fifth U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal.

For prior S2KM reporting about Rapid Settlements, see:

• Rapid v. Symetra
• CNA v. Rapid Settlements

For more detailed information about structured settlement transfers, see updated Chapter 16 in Release 45 of "Structured Settlements and Periodic Payment Judgments".

Structured Settlements in 2007

Happy holidays from S2KM Limited. Thank you for reading S2KM's blog during 2007. This final 2007 S2KM blog post highlights some of this year's important structured settlement developments and issues.  For additional background information, see:

• S2KM Mid-2007 Structured Settlement Report
• Structured Settlements in 2006

Industry Growth and Development

• Industry insiders are predicting final 2007 structured settlement annuity sales (qualified and non-qualified) will match or slightly exceed total 2006 production of $6.1 billion.
• Membership growth in 2007 for the National Structured Settlement Trade Association (NSSTA) and the Society of Settlement Planners (SSP), the primary structured settlement trade associations, also appears flat. Neither of these associations has articulated a strategy for growing the structured settlement industry.
• NSSTA replaced long-time Executive Director Randy Dyer in 2007 with association management company Smith Bucklin. NSSTA has announced it will continue a business relationship with Dyer. However, NSSTA has not yet announced Dyer's new role or responsibilities.
• Annuity provider Mass Mutual exited the structured settlement industry in 2007 joining other recent industry departures such as Genworth, Travelers and Aegon. No new annuity providers entered the structured settlement market in 2007.
• The secondary life and annuity markets continued to be controversial within the structured settlement industry in 2007. Semetra resigned from NSSTA in 2007 based in part on their disagreement with NSSTA's Bylaw Amendments related to structured settlement factoring. Neither NSSTA nor SSP allows factoring companies to join their associations.
• Although the secondary structured settlement market continues to grow in 2007, the overall pace of its growth appears to have leveled off for many, but not all, participants.
• Preliminary strategic recognition and some consolidation continued during 2007 within these overlapping markets:
  
  • Structured settlements;
  • Personal injury settlement planning;
  • Litigation funding;
  • Special needs planning;
  • Secondary insurance and annuity markets.

Legislation and Regulations    

• New York Governor Eliot Spitzer announced a $750 million "agreement in principle" for Executive Life of New York in 2007. The agreement is designed to continue paying all ELNY annuitants 100% of their benefits. The announcement represents a public relations victory for the structured settlement industry. Many questions about the agreement, however, remain unanswered. For example: the amount of contributions from indemnity (casualty) insurers who own or have assigned structured settlement annuities.
• State Medicaid Agencies are continuing to adopt annuity provisions from the Deficit Reduction Act into their state Medicaid Plans. Interpretations and applications of these new annuity rules remain inconsistent creating process bottlenecks and denials. The impact of the secondary annuity markets on Medicaid qualification remains unclear in 2007. The Social Security Administration (SSA) announced in 2007 that it will draft POMS for annuities in 2008. For additional information about the Deficit Reduction Act, see:
  • Release 41 of "Structured Settlements and Periodic Payment Judgments";
  • Inconvenient Questions; and
  • NAELA Annuity Policy White Paper.
• 48 states have enacted structured settlement protection statutes. Overall, these statutes appear to be accomplishing their purposes and functioning with increasing certainty and efficiency. Pennsylvania's judiciary adopted Pennsyvania Rule 229.2 in 2007 tightening some rules and processes within that state's protection statute.
• The U.S. Treasury has not ruled on single claimant 468B funds in 2007.

Case Law - some of the significant 2007 cases:    

• DOJ Sovereign Immunity Defense - see "Drinker Biddle's Structured Settlement Update" for analysis of two DOJ sovereign immunity cases: Transamerica v. Settlement Capital and Continental Casualty v. United States.
• Primary Market Disclosure Case - "Pullman & Comley's Structured Settlement Insights" provided the first Internet analysis of Joseph v. The City of New York which Pullman & Comley characterizes as ""the first court opinion to analyze the requirements in structured settlement protection acts that disclosures be made when negotiating a structured settlement."
• Rapid Settlements cases challenging secondary market laws and business practices including:
  
  • Rapid v. Symetra; and
  • CNA v. Rapid Settlements

• Murphy v. IRS - Eleven months after ruling that taxing damage awards for nonphysical compensatory damages violated the United States Constitution, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has reversed itself in Murphy v. IRS by holding that the United States can tax awards for emotional distress and injury to reputation.
• Macomber v. Travelers - the parties agreed to a confidential settlement in 2007.  It is unclear what legal precedents, if any, the earlier Connecticut State Supreme Court rulings in this case will hold for current or future structured settlement litigation.
  

Educational Programs and Resources

• Both NSSTA and SSP offered certification programs in 2007.    
• S2KM attended educational programs for the following trade associations in 2007 and wrote blog posts (see links) evaluating their structured settlement educational programs:          
  
  • National Structured Settlement Trade Association (NSSTA).          
  • Society of Settlement Planners (SSP)          
  • American Association for Justice (AAJ)          
  • National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys (NAELA)          
  • Academy of Special Needs Planners (ASNP)          
  • National Association of Settlement Purchasers (NASP)    
• The structured settlement industry continued to offer various additional educational resources in 2007:          
  
  • Blogs, podcasts, wikis and concept maps;          
    
  • Digital and hardcopy newsletters;          
    
  • Hardcopy legal textbooks.

Business Standards and Practices

• 2007 developments
  
  • Broker Relations Initiative - status report provided in this S2KM blog post.
  • SSP Ethics Project - status report provided in this S2KM blog post.
• 2007 issues:
  
  • Structured settlement public policy
  • Claim management vs. settlement planning
  • Consumer and investor protection including:
    
    • Compensation disclosure;
    • Informed consent;
    • Single claimant 468B funds;
    • Unfair claim practice legislation;
    • Fiduciary responsibilities for professional advisors.

• Additional compensation issues:
  • Rebating
  • Affinity programs
  • Secondary market transactions
• Unauthorized practice of law.

Secondary Life and Annuity Markets - 1

Recent developments related to the secondary life insurance and annuity markets should encourage several professional associations to learn more about these markets - and to provide improved education in 2008 for their members about these markets.

Responsible professional associations include:

• The National Structured Settlement Trade Association (NSSTA)
• The Society of Settlement Planners (SSP)
• The National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys (NAELA)
• The American Association for Justice (AAJ)
• The Academy of Special Needs Planners (ASNP)
• The Special Needs Alliance (SNA)

Recent secondary market developments include:

• Mealey's Conference: "Life Insurance in the Secondary Market" - Mealey's in-person conference, developed in collaboration with Drinker Biddle, is occuring December 11-12, 2007 at the Harvard Club of New York City.
• Deal Flow Media (DFM) - DFM, a publisher and educator focusing on specialty financial markets including life settlements, has announced it will enter the structured settlement market in 2008.
• A.M. Best - A.M. Best recently introduced "Best's Structured Finance Center", a web portal for the insurance-linked securities market.
• NCOIL - The National Conference of Insurance Legislators (NCOIL) adopted a Model Life Settlements Act at its most recent meeting.
  

For additional information about life settlements, see:

• Wikipedia's "life settlement" entry
  
• New York Insurance Department's "Life Settlements: Top Ten Questions".
• Deal Flow Media's "The Life Settlements Report"

For additional and related S2KM commentary, see:

• Structured Settlement Secondary Market
  • Structured Settlement Transfers
  • Settlement Transfer Update
  • Settlement Transfers - Release 39
  • How the Primary Market Views Factoring
  • NSSTA Bylaw Amendments
  • J.G. Wentworth v. Peachtree Settlement Funding
  • Settlement Transfers: Wentworth and Symetra
  • Rapid v. Symetra
  • Review of Robert Wood's article: "Structured Settlements: Factor vs.Commute".
  • See also: Chapter 16 in hardcopy "Structured Settlements and Periodic Payment Judgments" written by Daniel Hindert, Joseph Dehner and Patrick Hindert.
• National Association of Settlement Purchasers (NASP)
  
  • 2007 Annual Meeting
  • 2006 Annual Meeting
  • NASP Wiki
• Deal Flow Media
  • Deal Flow Media structured settlement webinar
• Drinker Biddle
  • Drinker Biddle's "Structured Settlement Update"

NASP 2007 Annual Meeting - 3

This blog post concludes S2KM's coverage of the NASP 2007 Annual Meeting held October 18-19 at the Grand Hyatt in Washington, D.C. and highlights selected comments from the NASP panel discussion about the Structured Settlement Market addressing:

• Structured settlement brand;
• Settlement transfer market;
• Factoring discount rates.

S2KM has added a summary of selected panel comments about the structured settlement market to the nasp wiki.

For prior S2KM coverage of NASP's 2007 Annual Meeting, see NASP-1 and NASP-2.

NASP 2007 Annual Meeting - 1

The National Association of Settlement Purchasers (NASP) hosted its 2007 Annual Meeting October 18-19 at the Grand Hyatt in Washington, D.C.   This author was privileged to participate. 

S2KM's reporting about NASP's 2007 Annual Meeting begins with this blog post and this wiki which summarizes NASP's 2007 Educational Program -  a learning conversation about "The Structured Settlement Market". 

For prior S2KM commentary about NASP, see this S2KM blog post.

S2KM Podcast Review - 1

This blog post highlights and summarizes S2KM's first six audio podcasts which can be subscribed to and are accessible from the upper left corner of S2KM's blog: "Beyond Structured Settlements". Future S2KM reviews will also highlight podcasts from other structured settlement podcast sites including Ringler Radio, The Settlement Channel and The Factoring Channel.

Truffle Media Networks - S2KM initiated its own podcast channel (S2KM Podcast Channel) June 10, 2007 in collaboration with Truffle Media Networks.  Ned Arthur of Truffle Media hosts S2KM's podcasts. During the past six weeks, S2KM and Truffle Media have begun to develop a collaborative public podcast library.  We intend to continue this collaboration throughout 2007.

Preliminary S2KM podcasts focus on these topics and people:

Participant introductions

• Ned Arthur - S2KM Podcast Tape 1 introduces S2KM Podcast host Ned Arthur and Ned's company, Truffle Media Networks. In Tape 1, Ned and Patrick Hindert, S2KM's Managing Director and blog editor, discuss Ned's background and provide an overview of Truffle Media Networks. They also discuss the application of podcasting to the following industries:
  • Structured settlements - including the primary and secondary United States markets
  • Personal injury settlement planning
  • Special needs planning
  • Secondary insurance markets for annuities and life insurance
• Barbara Bowen - S2KM Podcast Tape 4 introduces Dr. Barbara Bowen, Managing Director of Sound Knowledge Strategies. Barbara is a knowledge management (KM) expert who specializes in eliciting and visually representing tacit knowledge to achieve shared mental models. In Tape 4, Ned and Barbara discuss Barbara's educational and professional background and introduce concept maps. In subsequent S2KM podcasts, Barbara and Ned will discuss specific S2KM concept maps including "How does Web 2.0 Impact Lawyers".
• Joseph Dehner - S2KM Tape 5 introduces Joseph Dehner, a partner in the law firm Frost Brown Todd and co-author of "Structured Settlements and Periodic Payment Judgments". Ned and Joe discuss Joe's historical study of, and role within, the structured settlement industry beginning in 1977. Ned also elicits Joe's preliminary S2KM podcast analysis of structured settlement public policy. Joe will be providing additional podcast commentary about structured settlement public policy for S2KM during the next couple of weeks.

Supplemental S2KM reporting - The following S2KM podcasts supplement prior S2KM blog reporting:

• Special Needs Attorneys - In S2KM Podcast Tape 2, Ned and Patrick discuss the relationship between structured settlements and special needs attorneys. Related S2KM commentary and analysis includes:
  • Structured Settlement Law - a public wiki S2KM developed for a June 12, 2007 presentation to the Academy of Special Needs Planners.
  • Academy of Special Needs Planners - an S2KM blog post reviewing the Academy's March 2007 Annual Conference.
  • Inconvenient Questions - S2KM's three-part series about the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 and its potential impact on structured settlements.
• Structured Settlement Mid-2007 Report - In S2KM Podcast Tape 3, Ned and Patrick identify and review important mid-2007 structured settlement industry developments as highlighted in a prior S2KM blog post. They also review June 2007 structured settlement newsletters from the law firms Drinker Biddle and Pullman & Comley.
• AAJ 2007 Annual Conference - In S2KM Podcast Tape 6, Ned and Patrick review the American Association for Justice (AAJ) 2007 Annual Meeting which occurred in July 2007. S2KM's blog coverage of the AAJ meeting included three posts. S2KM and Truffle Media will be publishing additional AAJ Conference podcast reviews in August featuring other structured settlement stakeholder attendees.

For additional information about podcasting, see S2KM's prior blog post "Introduction to Podcasting" which features an embedded concept map developed by Barbara Bowen.