Beyond Structured Settlements

Structured Settlements in 2008 - 2

This S2KM blog post, the second of three analyzing structured settlements in 2008, summarizes conferences S2KM attended throughout the year. A prior post evaluated 2008 from an historical structured settlement perspective. A subsequent post will discuss challenges facing the structured settlement industry in 2009. Conferences and associations are listed alphabetically. For more detailed reports about these conferences, check the parenthetical links for related S2KM blog posts. For S2KM's complete historical review of professional associations and conferences, see S2KM's structured settlement wiki.

Academy of Special Needs Planners (ASNP) - The second annual ASNP conference underscored the strategic nexus that exists between special needs planning, settlement planning and structured settlements. ASNP's "extra-curricular" program featured a social service project where 30 ASNP conference attendees assisted Families Helping Families of Southeast Louisiana repair and improve its office headquarters. The ASNP conference confirmed for this author why special needs attorneys and financial planners, as opposed to former life insurance salesmen and claim managers, represent the future of structured settlements and settlement planning. Although several NSSTA and SSP members attended and/or participated as speakers, most of the structured settlement industry missed this valuable conference.

American Association for Persons with Disabilities (AAPD) - Structured settlement leaders from both NSSTA and SSP attended the 2008 AAPD Leadership Gala dinner in Washington, D.C. - in addition to many Congressional and Disability leaders. NSSTA was one of the event sponsors and had earlier featured Andrew J. Imparato, AAPD President and CEO, as a speaker at NSSTA's 2007 Fall Meeting. Imparato, a visionary and inspirational leader, is dedicated to transitioning disabled persons from poverty to economic self-sufficiency. AAPD's strategy includes uniting disabled persons as a political block and business market. AAPD's political priorities include changing the social security statutory definition of "disability" from "unable to work" to address "barriers to work" for disabled persons. Imparato's message for structured settlement professionals: involve yourselves at the local level with independent living centers.

National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys (NAELA) - NAELA's Mission is "is to establish NAELA members as the premier providers of legal advocacy, guidance and services to enhance the lives of seniors and people with disabilities". NAELA's membership consists of 4400 attorneys in the United States, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. Most of the members of ASNP and the Special Needs Alliance (SNA) are members of NAELA including many NAELA founders and former Presidents and Directors. S2KM developed a "Web 2.0 for Lawyers" wiki for the NAELA 2008 Symposium which was also featured in a Legal Broadcast Network (LBN) podcast interview by Scott Drake with S2KM's Managing Director, Patrick Hindert. S2KM also published a 2008 blog post analyzing NAELA and NAELA's CELA certification program from a knowledge management and web 2.0 perspective.

National Alliance of Medicare Set-Aside Professionals (NAMSAP) - Founded in 2005, NAMSAP is a non-profit organization devoted to improving Medicare set-aside arrangements (MSAs) and to facilitating compliance with Medicare conditional payment recovery.

• Background - MSAs are administrative and funding mechanisms utilized in certain categories of settlements to protect Medicare's interests as "secondary payer" under the Medicare Secondary Payer (MSP) statute. Although the MSP rules were enacted by Congress in 1980, CMS did not begin to enforce the MSP statute until 2001 based upon a series of CMS policy memoranda for workers compensation cases, several of which address structured settlement issues.
• MMSEA - On December 29, 2007, President George W. Bush signed into law the "Medicare, Medicaid and SCHIP Extension Act of 2007" (MMSEA). Beginning July 1, 2009, MMSEA requires liability insurers (including self-insurers, no-fault insurers and workers compensation insurers) to determine Medicare status for all claimants and report all claims involving a Medicare beneficiary to CMS when those claims are resolved. If the reporting for any claimant is not done in a timely manner, MMSEA authorizes CMS to enforce a civil penalty against liability insurers of $1000 per day per claimant. These information requirements and penalty provisions provide the basis for expanded enforcement by CMS of the MSP statute.
• MARC - One of the featured presenters at the NAMSAP 2008 Annual meeting was Roy Franco, Director of Safeway's Risk Management Strategies and Chairman of the Medicare Advocacy Recovery Coalition (MARC).
  • In discussing the MMSEA requirements for liability cases, Franco said "the issue is not just about reporting" and predicted a "claim freeze" as liability insurers and self-insureds wait for resolution and approval before they pay claims.
  • Franco characterized the MMSEA MSP rules as an attack on traditional best practices for liability claim management. He predicted legal challenges and criticized MMSEA rules.
  • Franco outlined MARC's priorities for MMSEA which include changing the law or, alternatively, obtaining an injunction to stop its July 1, 2009 implementation.
• S2KM reporting - S2KM published seven blog posts in 2008 highlighting recent MSA and MMSEA developments that impact structured settlements including several developments that have occured during 2008.
• S2P2J analysis - S2P2J Release 44 features an extensive update of MSA rules for structured settlements as well as a summary of MMSEA.

National Association of Settlement Purchasers (NASP) - At the NASP 2008 Annual Meeting, Patrick Hindert, S2KM's blog author, moderated a panel discussion titled "How to Improve and Grow the Structured Settlement Market". Participants included: Jack Meligan, Michael Upchurch and Matthew Bracy. As settlement planners, both Meligan and Upchurch described their view of the secondary market as a "mixed-bag" of bad and good. The "bad" part of factoring results from non-professional ("cash now") advertisements promoted by many factoring companies.

Not only do plaintiff attorneys dislike "cash now" advertisements, according to Meligan and Upchurch, they are also less likely to recommend structured settlements if they believe their clients will eventually sell their payment rights.

The potential liquidity provided by settlement transfers improves the structured settlement annuity product. Lives change. Unexpected events occur. Even the best personal injury settlement plans need to be reviewed post-settlement and sometimes adjusted. Settlement transfers, which must be reviewed and approved by state judges, are appropriate in some cases.

Bracy emphasized the need for well-educated plaintiffs and plaintiff attorneys - as well as judges. He noted that many primary market participants have ignored the settlement transfer business. Bracy acknowledged that good and bad business practices exist in the secondary market as well as the primary market. According to Bracy, the potential secondary structured settlement represents between 5% and 7% of the total primary market. Most structured settlement cases, according to Bracy, neither require nor qualify for a settlement transfer.

National Settlement Consultants (NSC) - Patrick Hindert, S2KM's Managing Director and blog author, was privileged to speak at the NSC 2008 Annual Meeting and also to attend NSC presentations and social functions. In addition to Michael and William Goodman, NSC founders and principals, the NSC presenters included representatives from ten (10) structured settlement annuity providers as well as several national settlement planning experts. In retrospect, the "not-for-publication" May 2008 NSC presentations by some of the annuity providers now seem especially interesting and important. Among other topics, these presentations addressed investment exposure to real estate mortgages plus one annuity provider's study of settlement transfers by its own structured settlement recipients. Randy Snow's NSC keynote presentation about change and growth was humorous and thought-provoking. Randy subsequently participated in a series of S2KM blog interviews about change and growth in the structured settlement industry. Hindert provided a structured settlement Medicaid update as part of the NSC educational program.

National Structured Settlement Trade Association (NSSTA) - Founded in 1985, NSSTA is the oldest and largest structured settlement professional trade association. NSSTA's members are primarily structured settlement consultants and annuity providers. In addition to providing education and certification, NSSTA historically has served as the legislative and lobbying voice of the primary structured settlement market. NSSTA's committees, especially NSSTA's legal committee, are among the most valuable sources of information about the structured settlement industry.

• Winter Meeting - Prominent educational themes and presentations at the NSSTA 2008 Winter Meeting included: trial attorneys; disabled persons and disability associations; government benefits; structured settlement legal documentation; legislative and regulatory developments; Internet marketing; and professionalism.
• Annual Meeting - Chris Diamantis, NSSTA's 2008 President, introduced Joseph Ricci as NSSTA's new Executive Director, and identified NSSTA's strategic priorities for 2008: factoring; advocacy and marketing; professionalism; and governance and communication. J.P. Steele announced the results of a Structured Settlement Survey Report sponsored by AIG which S2KM summarized in a November 23, 2008 blog post. Eric Vaughn, NSSTA's lobbyist, provided a "Washington Report" analyzing the then-upcoming federal election from a structured settlement perspective. Legal committee co-chairman, Michael Miller, summarized results from 100 factoring cases in which his law firm, Drinker Biddle, had participated since January 2008. Craig Ulman, NSSTA's General Legal Counsel, provided a State Guarantee Funds primer. Bradley Frigon spoke about special needs trusts. Among other topics, two actuarial presentations discussed structured settlement pricing.
• Fall Meeting - Although S2KM participated in four committee meetings at NSSTA's 2008 Fall Meeting, S2KM did not attend NSSTA's educational program because of a scheduling conflict. S2KM's blog coverage of this meeting therefore was limited to editorial commentary.

Society of Settlement Planners (SSP) - Founded in 2001, SSP is a national nonprofit educational and public policy association of professional structured settlement producers and others who assist injured claimants in the settlement process. At its 2008 Annual meeting, the SSP adopted its "Standards of Professional Conduct for Settlement Planners", a multi-year SSP project initiated and managed by SSP Director and attorney Richard Risk.

Carl A. Pierce, distinguished professor of law at the University of Tennessee, assisted SSP with this ethics project. Pierce served as a reporter for the latest revision of the American Bar Association's Model Rules of Professional Conduct.

Frank Johns, a leading special needs attorney and settlement planning ethicist, also advised SSP on its Standards of Professional Conduct. Johns' 2008 SSP presentation introduced a proposed Request for Proposal (RFP) for settlement planners.

Risk organized and moderated SSP's tax panel that featured Jody Brewster, Glenn Mackies and Michael Montemurro.

SSP devoted three presentations to government benefits, the highlight being David Lillesand, a national leader among social security and special needs trust attorneys. Based upon his discussions with the Social Security Administration (SSA), Lillesand stated that Nancy Veillon's January 31, 2006 letters to attorneys Roger Bernstein and Jay Sangerman representing NSSTA are "inoperative" - a statement Lillesand repeated during his presentation with SSA executive attorney Ken Brown at the ASNP 2008 Annual Meeting.

SSP's panel discussion about the secondary markets included NASP Executive Earl Nesbitt, Stephen Harris and Rhonda Bentzen. Other SSP educational presentations included a legislation and litigation update, settlement planning case studies, and advice about Internet marketing.

Stetson Special Needs Trust X (SSNTX) - Throughout its 10 year history, the Stetson Conference has been recognized as the leading special needs trust (SNT) knowledge forum in the United States. Most of the speakers are members of either the Academy of Special Needs Planners (ASNP) or the Special Needs Alliance (SNA). For structured settlement professionals, the 2008 Stetson program titled "The Basics of Special Needs Trusts" offered analyses of several important settlement planning topics and included two presentations specifically focusing on structured settlements:

• Texas Attorney Pi-Yi Mayo spoke about the January 31, 2006 Social Security Administration (SSA) letters to attorneys Roger Bernstein and Jay Sangerman as well as the application of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA) to structured settlements used to fund special needs trusts; and
• Leo Govoni provided "An Economic Analysis of Structured Settlements".

Structured Settlement Knowledge Leadership Conference (SSKLC) - Focusing on the "needs and best interests of consumers", the first Structured Settlement Thought Leadership Conference, sponsored by J.G. Wentworth, was designed to bring together knowledge leaders who are "redefining structured settlement roles and processes". The Leadership Conference objective was to provide an educational platform and open forum dedicated to growing and improving the structured settlement market. In addition to four panel discussions and two individual presentations, the Leadership Conference featured a brainstorming session to improve the structured settlement process for plaintiffs based upon the subjects discussed in prior sessions. The panel discussions addressed the economic life cycle of a personal injury claim identified by Adam Scales in his 2002 Wisconsin Law Review article titled "Against Settlement Factoring? The Market in Tort Claims has Arrived". One result of the Leadership Conference was the subsequent 2008 structured settlement survey conducted by J.G. Wentworth.

Special Needs Trusts X

Stetson Law School hosted the 10th Annual Special Needs Trust (SNT) Conference October 16-17, 2008 at the Don CeSar Beach Resort in St. Pete Beach, Florida. More than 300 attorneys, trustees, care planners and structured settlement consultants attended one or both of the basic and advanced educational programs.

Throughout its 10 year history, the Stetson Conference has been recognized as the leading SNT knowledge forum in the United States. Most of the speakers are members of either the Academy of Special Needs Planners (ASNP) or the Special Needs Alliance (SNA) and each of these associations schedule members-only meetings in conjunction with the Stetson Conference.

For structured settlement professionals, the Stetson program titled "The Basics of Special Needs Trusts" offered analyses of several important settlement planning topics and included two presentations specifically focusing on structured settlements:

• Texas Attorney Pi-Yi Mayo spoke about the January 31, 2006 Social Security Administration (SSA) letters to attorneys Roger Bernstein and Jay Sangerman ("Bernstein letter") as well as the application of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA) to structured settlements used to fund special needs trusts; and
• Leo Govoni, Director of the Center for Special Needs Trust Administration, provided "An Economic Analysis of Structured Settlements".

In addition, Bradley Frigon ("Basics of Special Needs Trusts") and Bernard Krooks ("Taxation of Special Needs Trusts") each addressed structured settlement issues in their conference presentations.

Mayo's discussion about the Bernstein letter and the DRA highlighted two controversial issues that have not received sufficient attention by either the National Structured Settlement Trade Association (NSSTA) or the Society of Settlement Planners (SSP). For backgound about these issues, see these prior S2KM blog posts:

• The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005
• Inconvenient Questions - summarizing a paper by Sylvius von Saucken.
• SSP 2008 Annual Meeting - 2: specifically David Lillesand's comments that the SSA letters to Bernstein and Sangerman are "inoperative" based upon his discussions with SSA officials including Ken Brown.
• NSSTA 2007 Winter Meeting - 3: specifically Jay Sangerman's statement that the DRA "does not apply to structured settlements" used to fund special needs trusts.

Citing Texas law, Mayo stated that the DRA annuity rules do apply to structured settlements used to fund SNTs - at least in Texas. According to Mayo, the Texas interpretations of the DRA are especially relevant because the DRA annuity rules adopted pre-existing Texas rules almost verbatim. Mayo warned that other states are likely to interpret the DRA annuity rules in a similar fashion - especially because (as other Stetson speakers confirmed): 1) state Medicaid agencies are making a concerted effort to limit SNT uses, flexibility and availability; and 2) many state Medicaid agencies continue to view annuities generally as abusive SNT planning techniques.

As a counterpoint on the DRA, Mayo recommended John Campbell's 2008 NAELA Journal article titled "The Use of Qualified Settlement Funds, Qualified Assignments and Special Needs Trusts in Physical Injury Settlements" in which Campbell argues that the DRA should not apply to structured settlements used to fund a SNT because the funds used to purchase the structured settlement annuities never belong to the SNT beneficiary. For S2KM's review and analysis of Campbell's article, see S2KM's earlier blog posts titled "IRC 468B Funds Revisited" featuring comments by Campbell.
 
As for the SSA's letters to Bernstein and Sangerman, Mayo did not directly address whether he supported Lillesand's assertion that the letters are "inoperative". Instead he cited the following authority to support his opinion that: 1) payments from a structured settlement annuity that are irrevocably assigned to a SNT are not income to the trust beneficiary when paid directly into the trust; and 2) that such annuity payments paid into a SNT after a beneficiary reaches age 65 should be treated the same as annuity payments received before age 65:

• POMS SI 01120.201J.1D which states in part: "a legally assignable payment ... that is assigned to a [SNT] is income for SSI purposes unless the assignment is irrevocable"; and
• CMS' position that additions to a SNT made after the beneficiary reaches age 65 should not be treated differently from prior additions where there has been an irrevocable assignment of structured settlement payments to a properly established SNT.

Mayo emphasized the importance of reciting the irrevocable nature of the structured settlement assignment in settlement documentation and court orders establishing the SNT.  He also agreed with Lillesand about the importance of obtaining SSA POMS that specifically address structured settlements used to fund SNTs. For S2KM's most recent status report about SSA POMS for structured settlements, see Ken Brown's comments under "SSI Rules for Trust Administration" in S2KM's blog post about the 2008 ASNP Annual Meeting.

In the context of the current financial crisis, Govoni's presentation titled "An Economic Analysis of Structured Settlements" appeared to be an important and timely subject. For this author, however, the analysis fell short of expectations for several reasons:

• Govoni was the only presenter at the conference who did not provide handout materials. With some exceptions, in this author's experience, structured settlement handout materials at national conferences repeatedly fall below the highest standards of other settlement planning professionals.
• Although Govoni briefly referenced the current financial crisis, he did not mention AIG, did not discuss financial ratings and did not address the impact of the financial crisis on structured settlements and/or managed assets as funding alternatives for SNTs.
• Govoni focused much of his analysis on relative rates of return and age ratings but never mentioned after-tax investment comparisons or Monte Carlo analysis.
  
• Govoni recommended annuity commutation riders as a strategy to pay potential estate tax obligations but failed to mention the secondary market as a potential source of structured settlement liquidity.

With the exception of a single reference by Mayo to "the grey market", none of speakers who addressed structured settlements discussed the secondary market, IRC 5891 or the 46 state structured settlement protection statutes. This educational neglect mirrors the continuing failure of NSSTA and SSP to educate their members about how to sell structured settlements (and grow the structured settlement market) in the context of IRC 5891 and the 46 state structured settlement protection statutes.

In this author's private discussions with Stetson conference attendees, several mentioned the secondary market as a valuable settlement planning resource. Three attendees informed this author of SNT beneficiaries and trustees who had been forced into the secondary market almost immediately following settlement because their SNTs had been "over-structured". In each instance, the settlement plan contained insufficient cash to permit the SNT trustee to purchase a needed house and/or a vehicle. In one case, the SNT beneficiary and his family have brought a lawsuit against the plaintiff attorney. These attendees each said the over-structuring resulted from defense pressure during settlement negotiations and could have been avoided if a 468B Qualified Settlement Fund had been utilized.

While it was encouraging to see leaders from both NSSTA and SSP attend the Stetson SNT seminar, more educational interaction and legislative collaboration is needed between the structured settlement industry (both the primary and secondary markets) and related professional associations including special needs planners and Medicare set-aide professionals. As NSSTA and the National Association of Settlement Planners (NASP) prepare for their association meetings next week in San Francisco and Las Vegas respectively, such increased interaction and collaboration should represent priorities and opportunities to improve and grow the structured settlement market.

Congratulations to Stetson Law School for continuing its SNT educational leadership and also for focusing increased attention on structured settlement issues that impact SNTs and special needs planning.