Beyond Structured Settlements

Structured Settlement Update - 2014 Annuity Sales

Structured settlement primary market annuity sales increased by $115,881,836 (approximately 2%) to $5,250,262,691 in 2014 compared with $5,134,380,855 in 2013 according to industry estimates compiled and recently distributed by Melissa Evola Price. Total 2014 structured settlement cases also increased to 26,572 from 26,533 a year earlier for an average case premium of $197,586.

The 2014 annual premium totals, however, still fall substantially short of the historic 12 month industry high ($6,226,578,725 in 2008) after consistently averaging close to $6 billion annually from 2001-2007.

Adding these 2014 results to historic U.S. structured settlement totals, S2KM estimates the following primary market metrics from 1976 thru 2014:

• Total annuity premium: $144.75 billion.
• Total structured settlement cases: 828,600
• Average annuity premium: $174,700.

Berkshire Hathaway, which re-entered the structured settlement market in 2011 following a multi-year hiatus, continued its recent primary market leadership in 2014 by generating $1.424 billion of structured settlement annuity premium (28% of the industry total) during 2014. Evola Price's report did not indicate how much of Berkshire Hathaway's premium was attributable to reinsurance and/or non-qualified structured settlement sales.

The U.S. structured settlement market now consists of eight annuity providers which are members of the National Structured Settlement Trade Association (NSSTA). 2014 sales results (rounded in millions) for the seven other structured settlement annuity providers (per Evola Price's report) plus the rounded percentage increase (+) or decrease (-) from comparable 2013 results:

• MetLife: $868 MM (+20%)
• Pacific Life: $773 MM (-9%)
• Prudential: $712 MM (+30%)
• Liberty Life $608 MM (+9%)
• Amgen: $477 MM (-19%)
• New York Life: $312 MM (+13%)
• Mutual of Omaha: $46 MM (-47%)

Evola Price's 2014 compilation also reports an annual increase in annuity premium for non-qualified structured settlement assignments (from $164.9 million in 2013 to $182.3 million in 2014) as a portion of the overall structured settlement numbers. Non-qualified assignments represent transfers of periodic payment obligations that do not meet the requirements of IRC sections 130 and 104(a)(1) or (2) including deferred attorney fees.

Although Evola Price's report does not indicate the percentage of structured settlement premium and/or annuities attributable to workers compensation Medicare set-aside (WCMSA) cases, WCMSAs have become an increasingly important submarket for structured settlements. S2KM has previously estimated that as much as eight (8%) percent of recent structured settlement premium and 24 percent of recent structured settlement annuities are attributable to WCMSAs.

Evola Price's reports do not provide information about the structured settlement secondary market. Based upon interviews with secondary market experts in 2012, S2KM previously estimated 2012 structured settlement secondary market activity to be:

• 12,000 secondary market transfers - with less than 120 contested by annuity owners and/or providers.
• $360 million of total secondary market purchases (money paid to transferors).
• $30,000 average individual transfer.

Industry opinions differ as to secondary market sales growth during 2013 and 2014 ranging from no growth to 7% growth per year.

Accepting those 2012 secondary market estimates and assuming level secondary market sales during 2013 and 2014, S2KM estimates historical 1986-2014 structured settlement secondary market metrics as follows:

• Approximately 160,000 structured settlement transfers have occurred since 1986;
• Involving approximately 80,000 recipients - many of whom have made multiple transfers;
• With approximately $5.1 billion PV in aggregate sums paid to those recipients.
• For an average of approximately $32,000 per transfer.

For related S2KM reporting about structured settlement 2014 developments, see:

• Primary market
• Secondary market
• Settlement planning
• ELNY and Reliance

Settlement Annuities

The introduction of two non-traditional "structured settlement" products underscores the expanding role of annuities in personal injury settlement planning (settlement planning) but also raises fundamental questions about suitability, due diligence and industry education.

Pacific Life recently announced a new structured settlement product called an "Index-Linked Annuity Payment Adjustment" (ILAPA). Investment performance and annuity payments will be linked to the Standard & Poor's 500 Composite Stock Price Index, according to structured settlement brokers who participated in Pacific Life's online product introduction. Although Pacific Life hopes to launch its new product by April 1, 2014, the launch date depends on whether and when Pacific Life receives a favorable IRS Private Letter Ruling.

Havelet Assignment Company (Havelet), an independently owned company based in Barbados, is now offering non-qualified (under IRC 130) product plans for claimants or contingent fee attorneys to defer receipt of their settlement award or fee on a pre-tax basis. The plans are funded with investment portfolios, selected by the claimants or attorneys, which Havelet "wraps" with variable annuities. Havelet must issue a private placement memorandum to each prospective client. Investment performance is not guaranteed. Minimum investment funding is $500,000.

Outside of the settlement planning market, equity-indexed and variable annuities represent increasingly popular investments. A March 12, 2014 New York Times article titled "Annuities Not for Everyone, but They Have a Place" cites the following LIMRA statistics: "Variable and indexed annuities accounted for 80.8 percent of the $688.2 billion of annuities sold in the three years through 2013, compared with 74 percent in the previous seven years."

By comparison, estimated structured settlement annuity premium totaled $5.13 billion in 2013 (of which $164.9 million represented non-qualified structured settlement annuity premium) and $139.5 billion from 1975 through 2013.

Based upon the most recent Towers Watson Annual Study of United States Tort Cost Trends, and utilizing Tower Watson's 2002 "best estimate" of payout percentages, S2KM estimates more than $160 billion per year of United States tort costs have represented payments to personal injury victims and their attorneys since 2006.

Pacific Life and Havelet's new product offerings add to the growing list of settlement planning products which S2KM noted in its blog report about the AAJ 2014 Winter Meeting. Additional marketing feedback S2KM received from structured settlement brokers who exhibited at the AAJ meeting:

• Structured settlement annuities are one of several product offerings (including single premium immediate annuities (SPIAS), fixed-indexed annuities and managed money) some leading structured settlement brokers are already selling.
• At least one leading structured settlement brokerage company sold more SPIAs and fixed-indexed annuities combined during 2013 than structured settlement annuities - and uses SPIAS almost exclusively to fund Medicare Set-Aside Arrangements (MSAs).

S2KM's AAJ blog report highlights fundamental questions about these expanding product offerings, the resulting "blended products" and emerging business models.

The Pacific Life and Havelet products raise additional issues which S2KM will address in subsequent blog posts:

• Are equity-indexed and off-shore variable annuity products suitable for personal injury victims?
• What product suitability standards should apply?
• What qualifications are needed to sell these products - and/or to perform due diligence on behalf of personal injury claimants and plaintiff attorneys?
• Are structured settlement and settlement planning professional associations providing their members with appropriate educational programs to understand settlement annuities and address related suitability and due diligence issues?

Primary Market Update

Structured settlement primary market annuity sales increased approximately seven (7%) percent to $5.134,380,855 in 2013 (compared with $4,819,124,617 in 2012) according to industry estimates compiled and recently published by Melissa Evola. Total 2013 structured settlement cases also increased to 26,533 from 25,038 a year earlier for an average case premium of $193,495.

The 2013 annual premium totals, however, still fall substantially short of the historic 12 month industry high ($6,226,578,725 in 2008) after consistently averaging close to $6 billion annually from 2001-2007.

Adding these 2013 results to historic U.S. structured settlement totals, S2KM estimates the following primary market metrics from 1976 thru 2013:

• Total annuity premium: $139.5 billion.
• Total structured settlement cases: 802,000
• Average annuity premium: $174,000.

Berkshire Hathaway, which re-entered the structured settlement market in 2011 following a multi-year hiatus, assumed primary market leadership by generating $1,424,306,831 of structured settlement annuity premium (28% of the industry total) during 2013.

With announced departures of Allstate and John Hancock during 2013, the U.S. structured settlement market now consists of eight annuity providers. 2013 sales results for other structured settlement annuity providers (per Evola's report) plus the rounded increase (+) or decrease (-) from comparable 2012 results:

• Pacific Life - $848,725,000 (+ $11.7 million)
• MetLife - $726,000,000 (+ $62 million)
• Amgen/USL - $587,367,753 (+ $61.3 million)
• Liberty Life - $558,106,000 (+ $147.3 million)
• Prudential Life - $548,700,000 (- $86.7 million)
• New York Life - $275,253,601 (- $47.5 million)
• Mutual of Omaha - $86,598,027 (+ $29 million)

Evola's 2013 compilation also reports an annual decrease in annuity premium for non-qualified structured settlement assignments (from $170.1 million in 2012 to $164.9 million in 2013) as a portion of the overall structured settlement numbers.

Non-qualified assignments represent transfers of periodic payment obligations that do not meet the requirements of IRC sections 130 and 104(a)(1) or (2) including deferred attorney fees. Despite earlier industry projections of a large and growing market, only two structured settlement annuity providers (AmGen and Liberty) currently offer non-qualified assignments.

Independent industry sources further report a substantial shift in recent structured settlement premium with increasing sales to fund workers compensation Medicare set-aside arrangements (WCMSAs). For S2KM's most recent analysis of structured settlements and WCMSAs, see this prior blog post.

Many industry observers continue to view the United States structured settlement primary market as a strategic, underperforming segment of the larger personal injury settlement planning market. S2KM looked at some of the related issues in a three-part 2013 blog series titled "Growing the Primary Market"

• Part 1 - Daniel Durbin's survey of primary market leaders.
• Part 2 - NSSTA and NASP 2013 Fall Conferences.
• Part 3 - NSSTA's marketing boot camp - "What business are we in?"

NAMSAP 2014 Regional Conference - 2

WCMSA Market Metrics

The recent National Alliance of Medicare Set-Aside Professionals (NAMSAP) Regional Conference highlighted the strategic importance of workers' compensation Medicare set-aside arrangements (WCMSAs), and their growth potential for structured settlements - as well as the need for more comprehensive and public MSA market metrics.

One logical starting point for determining MSA market metrics [as well as Medicare and Medicare Secondary Payer (MSP) metrics] is the CMS Financial Report for Fiscal Year 2013 which covers the October 1, 2012 to September 30, 2013 time period. Selected highlights:

• Medicare
  • "Medicare processes over one billion fee-for-service (FFS) claims a year, and accounts for approximately 15 percent of the Federal Budget."
  • "Medicare enrollment has increased from 19 million beneficiaries in 1966 to over 52 million beneficiaries."
  • "CMS and its contractors process over one billion Medicare claims annually."
• MSP and WCMSAs
  • "CMS’ efforts in the MSP area saved the Medicare Trust Funds approximately $8.93 billion in FY 2013."
  • "Under MMSEA section 111 requirements, group health plans began limited reporting of data in January 2009 and were fully phased in as of January 2011. Workers' compensation, liability insurance and no-fault insurance began limited reporting of data in June 2010, and reporting thresholds will gradually be implemented through January 1, 2015."
  • "As of October 2013, there were over 1,400 insurers reporting data to CMS under section 111."
  • "The implementation of section 111 is the single largest contributor to growth of Medicare savings of $6.5 billion in FY 2007, to approximately $7 billion per year in FY 2011 and FY 2012 and almost $9 billion in FY 2013."
  • "CMS has calculated WCMSA amounts totaling approximately $1.8 billion in FY 2013." (emphasis added).

S2KM discussions with MSA industry experts following the NAMSAP Regional Conference provided these additional estimates:

• Annual number of WCMSAs - estimates vary between 30,000 and 40,000.
• Average size of WCMSAs (including professionally and self-administered WCMSAs) - estimates vary up to $100,000.
• Professional administration - less than 10 percent of WCMSAs are professionally administered.
• Structured settlements - less than 25 percent of WCMSAs are funded with structured settlements.
• Seed money - seed money for WCMSAs funded with structured settlements averages approximately 10 percent of the total per case cost.
• CMS turn around time - the average CMS turnaround time for WCMSAs is 35 days - and increasing.

Structured Settlements and WCMSAs - Estimates Based Upon Trend Projections

Although final 2013 structured settlement primary market annuity sale totals have not yet been reported, 2013 third quarter results are available for comparison. Note: earlier this week, Berkshire Hathaway reported selling $1.42 billion of structured settlement annuities in 2013 which appears to represent the largest single year company total in the history of the U.S. structured settlement industry.

Correction (1/24/14) - Amgen/AILife exceeded Berkshire Hathaway's 2013 structured settlement annuity sales total in 2006, 2007 and 2008.

Based upon a comparison with 2012 structured settlement primary market production results, projected total 2013 sales can be expected to approximate 26,310 annuities and $5.1 billion of premium (approximately $192,000 average premium). Note: S2KM will report actual 2013 structured settlement primary market sales once they have been compiled by Melissa Evola.

Assuming:

• 26,310 structured settlement annuities were sold during calendar year 2013 producing $5.1 billion of premium; and
• 25 percent of the CMS calculated $1.8 billion of WCMSAs for fiscal year 2013 were funded with structured settlements; and
• The seed money for WCMSAs funded with structured settlements averages 10 percent; and
• The average size of WCMSAs funded with structured settlements is $70,000 ($63,000 annuity and $7,000 seed money);

Then, approximately:

• Eight (8%) percent ($405 million) of projected 2013 structured settlement premium ($5.1 billion) was attributable to WCMSAs; and
• 6429 (24%) of projected 2013 structured settlement annuities (26,310) funded WCMSAs.

Growing the Structured Settlement Market

Based upon the CMS inflation/discount methodology for WCMSAs, as promulgated in the October 15, 2004 CMS WCMSA Policy Memorandum, structured settlements have had an inherent cost advantage over lump sum alternatives for funding WCMSAs.

As explained in this prior S2KM blog post, the CMS Workers' Compensation Reference Guide published in 2013 appears to have retained this structured settlement cost advantage.

Strategic Question: Why, therefore, has the structured settlement industry failed to further penetrate the WCMSA market?

The importance of this strategic question will be magnified if, as suggested in Part 1 of S2KM's NAMSAP Regional Conference Report, the CMS WCMSA primary payer model ultimately is applied to:

• Liability MSAs as a result of HHS/CMS RIN: 0938-AR43;
• Medicaid reimbursements as a result of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013; and
• Implementation of the Patients' Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Structured settlement professionals identify multiple reasons "why more WCMSAs are not funded with structured settlement annuities". The most significant reasons appear to be:

• The relatively smaller size of WCMSA structured settlements; and
• The administrative burden created by CMS rules for submitting annuity quotes with rated ages to establish reduced life expectancy.

Conclusion

One strategy for growing the primary structured settlement market: improve administrative rules for determining MSA life expectancies - which should represent a shared priority goal for both structured settlement and MSA stakeholders.

A second and related educational strategy: continue to develop more focused industry study about the respective roles of structured settlements and MSAs within the changing rules of personal injury settlement planning.

S2KM welcomes additional input about market metrics from structured settlement and MSA stakeholders.

Structured Settlements 2013 - Primary Market

The U.S. structured settlement industry in 2013 continued to define itself into three related markets (primary, secondary and settlement planning) with the liquidations of Executive Life Insurance Company of New York (ELNY) and Reliance Insurance Company representing important industry storylines.

This blog post reviews 2013 non-ELNY and non-Reliance primary market developments - focusing on structured settlement annuity sales. Subsequent S2KM blog posts will address structured settlement developments for the 2) settlement planning and 3) secondary markets and summarize 4) ELNY and Reliance-related events.

Primary Market Premium

Primary market structured settlement annuity premium and the number of structured cases have increased slightly during 2013 compared with 2012 based upon third quarter industry results compiled by Melissa Evola. Projected 2013 annual premium totals, however, will fall substantially short of the historic 12 month industry high ($6,226,578,725 in 2008) after consistently averaging close to $6 billion annually from 2001-2007.

Evola reports 2013 third quarter primary market annuity premium of $3,736,499,370 resulting from 19,656 cases ($190,094 per case average). Comparable third quarter results for:

• 2012 - $3,565,368,323 premium from 18,706 cases ($190,600 per case).
• 2008 - $4,429,915,586 premium from 25,545 cases ($173,416 per case).

Adding these 2013 third quarter results to historic U.S. structured settlement totals, S2KM estimates the following primary market metrics from 1976 thru September 2013:

• Total annuity premium: $137.4 billion.
• Total structured settlement cases: 790,000.
• Average annuity premium: $174,000.

Individual Annuity Provider Results

Although overall 2013 third quarter results do not differ significantly from 2012, individual company production has changed dramatically per Evola's report. Berkshire Hathaway, which re-entered the market in 2011 following a multi-year hiatus, has assumed primary market leadership. Berkshire Hathaway generated $1,034,199,209 of structured settlement annuity premium (28% of the industry total) during the first nine months of 2013.

Berkshire Hathaway's structured settlement annuity premium and market share since 2011:

• 2011 - $116,458,245 annual premium (2% market share)
  • 1st - $4,976,847
  • 2nd - $11,311,378
  • 3rd - $39,880,339
  • 4th - $60,289,681
• 2012 - $824,962,720 annual premium (17% market share)
  • 1st - $97,187,721
  • 2nd - $193,222,438
  • 3rd - $181,111,553
  • 4th - $353,441,008
• 2013 - $1,034,199,209 nine months premium (28% market share)
  • 1st - $339,325,403
  • 2nd - $340,049,486
  • 3rd - $354,824,320
  • 4th - ?

With announced departures of Allstate and John Hancock during 2013, the U.S. structured settlement market now consists of eight annuity providers. Nine month 2013 sales results for other structured settlement annuity providers (per Evola's report) plus the rounded increase (+) or decrease (-) from comparable 2012 results:

• Pacific Life - $600,146,000 (- $13 million)
• MetLife - $564,000,000 (+ $57 million)
• Amgen/USL - $434,691,262 (+ $25 million)
• Liberty Life - $409,286,609 (+ $118 million)
• Prudential Life - $372,700,000 (- $124 million)
• New York Life - $192,317,226 (- $75 million)
• Mutual of Omaha - $50,407,140 (+ $8 million)

Non-Qualified Assignments

Non-qualified assignments represent transfers of periodic payment obligations that do not meet the requirements of IRC section 130. Unlike qualified assignees, non-qualified assignees are subject to income tax on the amount they receive from whatever entity assigns (or more accurately "delegates") periodic payment obligations to assignees who purchase annuities to fund obligations for claimants who do not qualify for tax exclusions under IRC section 104(a)(1) or (2) - such as employment discrimination cases or deferred attorney fees. 

Despite projections of a large and growing market, only two structured settlement annuity providers (AmGen and Liberty) currently offer non-qualified assignments. Nine month 2013 non-qualified assignment sales of $124,287,610 have declined more than $19 million compared with comparable 2012 sales totals according to Evola's report.

Growing the Primary Market

Many industry observers view the United States structured settlement primary market as a strategic, underperforming segment of the larger personal injury settlement planning market. S2KM looked at some of the related issues in a three-part 2013 blog series titled "Growing the Primary Market"

• Part 1 - Daniel Durbin's survey of primary market leaders.
• Part 2 - NSSTA and NASP 2013 Fall Conferences.
• Part 3 - NSSTA's marketing boot camp - "What business are we in?"

S2KM supplemented this analysis with a report on the developing global insurance capital standard which poses additional challenges for structured settlement annuity providers.

For S2KM's previous annual structured settlement industry reports, see the structured settlement wiki.

Growing the Primary Market - 3

To help its members reverse declining growth of primary market annuity premium, the National Structured Settlement Trade Association (NSSTA) has transfigured it annual Fall Educational Conference into a members-only "Marketing Boot Camp" scheduled for November 5-6 in Dallas, Texas.

NSSTA's boot camp training agenda, "designed to help every member who attends learn how to increase the number of referrals they get from their clients and how to develop new clients", is featured on the NSSTA website as well as this prior S2KM blog post. 

NSSTA should be congratulated for prioritizing marketing as a critical business skill set for its members. The announced agenda, however, omits the most fundamental marketing issue every professional association should ask itself: "what business are we in?", or, stated somewhat differently, "in what markets do we participate?" 

By failing to address these fundamental questions, NSSTA's marketing conference appears to perpetuate "inside-the-box" strategic thinking responsible, in part, for recent sales declines of the structured settlement product which benefits from public policy endorsement, multiple tax preferences and statutory consumer protection.

NSSTA's strategic failure to understand and expand its own business results, in part, from NSSTA's poorly conceived effort to stiff-arm two legislative and regulatory developments which should improve the structured settlement product:

• Qualified Settlement Funds (QSFs) - Defined in Regs. 1.468B and made applicable to structured settlements by Rev. Proc. 93-34, QSFs provide benefits for both plaintiffs and defendants. They also provide an ideal funding mechanism to strategically position structured settlements within the $170 billion annual U.S. personal injury settlement planning market. Instead of embracing and marketing QSFs, however, NSSTA and its members have created and promoted a "single claimant" roadblock because they are unable to solve their own compensation issues. As a result, NSSTA has prevented its members, and its structured settlement product, from effectively competing in the dynamic personal injury settlement planning market.
• Structured Settlement Transfers - IRC 5891 and the state structured settlement protection statutes have solidified structured settlement transfers (i.e. factoring transactions) into a growing market that complements and potentially expands the traditional primary market. The ability of structured settlement recipients to sell their payment rights subject to judicial oversight and approval arguably improves the structured settlement product by adding a liquidity feature in the event of "over structuring" or unanticipated cash requirements. Instead of capitalizing on settlement transfers to improve and expand its market, NSSTA (through bylaw amendments) has threatened its members with suspension or expulsion if they sollicit or promote secondary market transactions. By continuing to criticize "structured settlement factoring", without participating in the secondary market, NSSTA and its members undermine their own product.

In addition to these missed opportunities, NSSTA and its members have failed to fully analyze and adapt their products to the expanding special needs planning market.

When NSSTA thinks "strategically" about "special needs", they focus narrowly and inwardly on a single product application (i.e. structured settlement funding for special needs trusts) instead of expansively and proactively about the special needs community within which annuities (not just structured settlement annuities) and life insurance represent critical financial products. 

Except for one settlement trust company, not a single NSSTA member attended this year's Academy of Special Needs Planners (ASNP) annual meeting or National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys (NAELA) annual meeting - both of which featured presentations about structured settlements. 

Since hosting its first "Special Needs Summit" in 2010, NAELA (with more than 4000 members) has substantially expanded its focus on the special needs market - including structured settlements. Beginning this year, NAELA has designated October as "National Special Needs Law Month" during which NAELA's members are providing (marketing) free education about special needs legal issues to the special needs community. 

Despite NSSTA's past mistakes, its first-ever marketing boot camp represents a step in the right direction - especially if the boot camp encourages NSSTA and its members to more closely examine their own changing marketplace. 

In a current Washington Post article titled "Can the Military Learn from its Mistakes?", Thomas Ricks offers two observations about the U.S. military which appear equally applicable to NSSTA as it prepares for its "boot camp" and could provide a strategic focus for improving and growing the structured settlement market:

• Quoting James Dobbin: "our military shows 'continued inability to come to closure' on some controversial issues".
• The military "doesn't encourage adaptive leaders to rise to the top, as they find and implement changes in response to the failures of the past decade."

For additional S2KM blog posts discussing how to grow the structured settlement primary market, see the structured settlement wiki. 

For an informative financial perspective about special needs planning, see the M&L Special Needs Planning website.

Structured Settlement Sales Decline in 2012

Sales of structured settlement annuities totaled $4,819,124,617 during 2012 (down from $4,974,710,838 in 2011) as reported today by Melissa Evola in her quarterly summary of United States structured settlement annuity provider premium.

The 2012 U.S. structured settlement annual premium total represents the lowest amount since 1999 based upon historic reporting in "Structured Settlement and Periodic Payment Judgments" (S2P2J) and more recent reports by Evola. According to these same sources:

• Annual structured settlement annuity premium reached an historic high in 2008 ($6,226,578,725) after consistently averaging close to $6 billion annually from 2001-2007.
• Total historic structured settlement premium written from 1975 through 2012 approximates $134 billion. Note: for historic annual totals, see the structured settlement wiki.

Evola's report documents substantial increases and decreases of annual premium among the 12 annuity providers who participated in the U.S. structured settlement market during 2012 compared with 2011.

The following annuity provider list summarizes 2012 data from Evola's most recent report and indicates approximate market percentages (in parentheses), annual premium and the premium increase (+) or decrease (-) from 2011.

• Pacific Life (17%)
  • Premium:  $837,053,958
  • + $266,494,958
• Berkshire Hathway (17%)
  • Premium:  $824,962,720
  • + $708,504,475
• MetLife (14%)
  • Premium:  $664,000,000
  • - $433,000,000
• Prudential Life (13%)
  • Premium:  $635,400,000
  • - $386,900,000
• Amgen/AI Life (11%)
  • Premium:  $526,088,761
  • - $18,613,212
• Liberty Life (9%)
  • Premium:  $410,854,349
  • + $51,007,955
• New York Life (7%)
  • Premium:  $322,734,527
  • - $49,650,217
• John Hancock Life (6%)
  • Premium:  $304,328,594
  • - $140,061,704
• Allstate Life (3%)
  • Premium:  $140,406,198
  • - $159,295,775
• Symetra Life (2%)
  • Premium:  $79,677,226
  • - $31,088,922
• Mutual of Omaha (1%)
  • Premium:  $57,593,264
  • + $33,284,297
• Hartford Life (0.3%)
  • Premium:  $16,025,020
  • + $3,317,579

Additional noteworthy statistics from Evola's report: while total structured settlement cases written during 2012 declined to 25,038 (from 28,811 in 2011), the average 2012 premium per case increased to $192,472 (compared with $172,667 in 2011).

Interest Rate Impact

Many U.S. structured settlement industry participants attribute declining sales to low interest rates including future forecasts by the Federal Reserve. Market yields on U.S. Treasury securities at 30 year constant maturity peaked at 13.45 percent in 1981. Here are several historic average annual rates for 30 year Treasury securities (source: U.S. Department of the Treasury):

• 2013 (as of 2/15/13) - 3.18%
• 2012 - 2.93%
• 2011 - 3.91%
• 2010 - 4.25%
• 2009 - 4.08%
• 2008 - 4.28%
• 2007 - 4.84%
• 2000 - 5.94%
• 1990 - 8.61%
• 1980 - 11.27%

Structured Settlements in 2012 - 3

Secondary Market

In contrast to anticipated 2012 sales declines in the U.S structured settlement primary market, industry experts interviewed by S2KM agree the U.S. structured settlement secondary market achieved record sales and profits in 2012. 

S2KM secondary market estimates for 2012 - based on interviews with industry experts:

• 12,000 secondary market transfers - with less than 120 contested by annuity owners and/or providers.
• $360 million of total secondary market purchases (money paid to transferors).
• $30,000 average individual transfer.
• Average discount rates in the low double digits - with the lowest average discount rates (high single digits) provided by AllState's commutations.
• Total industry profit of $120 million calculated as follows:
  • $1 billion received from investors;
  • Less: $360 million paid to transferors;
  • Equals: $640 million of revenue;
  • Less: $520 million of expenses;
  • Equals: $120 million of profits.

Discount Rates

• As explained by Earl Nesbitt, Executive Director of the National Association of Settlement Purchasers (NASP), during his presentation at the NASP 2011 Annual Meeting: the concepts of "discount rate" and "discounted present value" both play an important role in court hearings to evaluate structured settlement transfer proposals.

• The Model State Structured Settlement Protection Act defines "discounted present value" to mean: "the present value of future payments determined by discounting such payments to the present using the most recently published Applicable Federal Rate for determining the present value of an annuity, as issued by the United States Internal Revenue Service."

• Secondary market experts interviewed by S2KM agree generally that discount rates for structured settlement transfers were "low" during 2012 compared with prior years - especially when compared with 2009 when discount rates were exceptionally "high" as a result of the 2008 financial crisis.
• "Average" discount rates are difficult to define because many factors determine the discount rate for a specific case. For examples: cost and availability of funds; single vs. multiple bid transactions; duration and amount of payments; and whether payments are certain or life contingent.
• During his 2011 NASP presentation, Nesbitt summarized these results from a 2011 survey he conducted of the discount rates approved by judges in Harris County Texas:
  • The average discount rate: 15.8 percent;
  • The weighted average (i.e. taking into consideration the relative case size): 12.96 percent;
  • The lowest discount rate: 7.4 percent; and
  • The highest discount rate ($3494 paid for $7282 due in less than one year): 61.3 percent.

Market Shares

• Industry experts interviewed by S2KM disagree on who controls what percentages of the structured settlement secondary market.
• Estimates of the post-merger 2012 market share (revenue and sales) of the now-combined J.G. Wentworth and Peachtree Financial Solutions (JGW/Peachtree) vary from a low of 50% to a high of 75%.
• The remaining 2012 market shares (revenue and number of transfers) are believed to be split relatively evenly among other NASP members and non-NASP members including re-sellers.
• Not all secondary market participants, however, share equally in industry profits.
• Some industry experts believe JGW/Peachtree's share of the estimated 2012 industry profits of $120 million was $100 million, or 83%.
• Many new secondary market participants, including re-sellers, who began entering the market in 2009, are experiencing lower profits (or losses) in 2012 according to industry experts interviewed by S2KM. In addition, attorneys representing insurance companies report these newer (non-NASP member) factoring companies and re-sellers frequently lack legal and transactional knowledge ("don't know what they are doing") and cause an inordinate number of transfer problems.

Primary Market Response

As S2KM previously reported, continuing secondary market sales growth has occurred despite restrictive actions by primary structured settlement participants. Examples:

• The National Structured Settlement Trade Association (NSSTA) continues to prohibit its members from "actively soliciting and promoting structured settlement factoring transactions to individuals who are receiving periodic payments under structured settlements?"
• In Stone Street Capital v. McClendon, a Louisiana state court ruled that Travelers Insurance, as owner of structured settlement annuities, had no right to order structured settlement annuity issuers (in this case MetLife) to stop making payments to transfer companies following the death of the original annuitant/payees because of the existing court orders approving those transfers.

Historic Metrics

Based upon interviews with industry experts and DBRS' June 8, 2011 Pre-Sale Report for J.G. Wentworth's Fixed Rate Asset-Backed Notes Series 2011-1, S2KM estimates the following historic (1986-2012) structured settlement secondary market metrics:

• 136,000 transfers - involving 68,000 structured settlement recipients.
• $4 billion - aggregate sums paid to transferor structured settlement recipients. For comparison, S2KM estimates the primary market has sold $134 billion of structured settlement annuities since 1975.
• $10.4 billion - aggregate periodic payments purchased by secondary market companies.

2012 Secondary Market Developments

• Vermont became the 48th state to enact a structured settlement protection statute. The new Vermont statute is generally based upon the NCOIL Model Act with some variations related to independent professional advisors, notice requirements for certain state agencies and the required court appearance by the structured settlement payee.
• JLL Partners, owners of J.G. Wentworth, are reportedly attempting to sell the company for $1 billion with several private-equity firms identified as potential purchasers.

For additional S2KM structured settlement secondary market reporting and resources, see the structured settlement wiki.

Additional post in S2KM's blog series: "Structured Settlements in 2012":

• Part 1 - Primary market

• Part 2 - Settlement planning

• Part 3 - Secondary market

• Part 4 - Executive Life of New York

Structured Settlements in 2012 - 1

The U.S. structured settlement industry in 2012 increasingly defined itself into three related markets (the primary, secondary and settlement planning markets) with the liquidation of Executive Life Insurance Company of New York (ELNY) representing the dominant industry storyline.

This blog post highlights 2012 non-ELNY structured settlement developments for the primary market. Subsequent S2KM blog posts will highlight structured settlement developments for the 2) settlement planning and 3) structured settlement secondary markets and summarize 4) ELNY-related events.

Primary Market

The primary structured settlement market in 2012 was characterized by continuing sales declines including the departure of two annuity providers (Hartford and Symetra). As reported by Melissa Evola and "Structured Settlements and Periodic Payment Judgments" (S2P2J), annual structured settlement annuity premium reached an historic high in 2008 ($6,226,578,725) after consistently averaging close to $6 billion annually from 2001-2007.

The 2011 structured settlement annuity premium total of $4,974,710,838 represented an approximate 10 percent decline from 2010 and an approximate 20 percent decline from 2008. And based upon reported third quarter 2012 numbers, this year's structured settlement annuity numbers could be even lower.

Through the end of September 2012, reported nine month structured settlement annuity premium totaled $3,570,584,333 compared with 2011 ($3,638,466,321) and 2008 ($4,429,915,586) figures for similar nine month results. The comparable nine month case totals for these years: 2012 (18,701 cases); 2011 (21,846 cases); and 2008 (25,545 cases).

Many structured settlement industry participants attribute declining sales to low interest rates including future forecasts by the Federal Reserve. Market yields on U.S. Treasury securities at 30 year constant maturity peaked at 13.45 percent in 1981. Here are several historic average annual rates for 30 year Treasury securities (source: U.S. Department of the Treasury):

• 2012 (as of December 21) - 2.93%
• 2011 - 3.91%
• 2010 - 4.25%
• 2009 - 4.08%
• 2008 - 4.28%
• 2007 - 4.84%
• 2000 - 5.94%
• 1990 - 8.61%
• 1980 - 11.27%

Critics of the primary structured settlement market attribute the continuing sales decline to a broader set of factors. For example, speaking at the 2012 National Association of Settlement Purchasers (NASP) conference, Mark Wahlstrom described 2012 as "another bad year for the primary market". He characterized declines in primary market annuity premium as a "negative trend that will eventually impact the secondary market" and identified the following causes:

• The structured settlement is an insular, closed community with aging leadership and a shrinking sales force.
• Structured settlement annuity providers, and most brokers, lack marketing and innovation skills.
• Primary market participants are intimidated by the Internet.
• Instead of offering customer solutions, the primary market continues to sell a single product.
• With historically low interest rates, that product produces a zero return when you consider inflation.
• The primary market has not responded strategically to tort reform and increasing competition from other professionals.
• By continuing their "factoring wars", the primary market has missed opportunities to cooperate with the secondary market.
• The ELNY liquidation means the primary market can no longer claim all structured settlement recipients have received 100% of their payments.

Perhaps the most positive 2012 development for the primary structured settlement industry was the remarkable business turnaround of American International Group, Inc. (AIG). Four years following its $182 billion financial bailout of AIG, the United States Department of Treasury and the Federal Reserve sold almost all of their remaining AIG ownership interest during 2012, which at one time reached 92 percent, and achieved a net positive investment return of $22.7 billion.

AIG's significant role in the U.S. structured settlement market, and the impact of AIG's 2008 financial collapse, are apparent from annual AIG structured settlement annuity premium results (compiled by Melissa Evola) with AIG's estimated annual share of the U.S. structured settlement annuity market in parentheses.

• 2002 - $1.179 billion (19%)
• 2003 - $1.195 billion (20%)
• 2004 - $1.221 billion (20%)
• 2005 - $1.316 billion (21%)
• 2006 - $1.463 billion (24%)
• 2007 - $1.468 billion (24%)
• 2008 - $1.454 billion (23%)
• 2009 - $0.429 billion (8%)
• 2010 - $0.499 billion (9%)
• 2011 - $0.395 billion (11%)

For the first three quarters of 2012, based upon Evola's reporting, AIG (Amgen/AILife) sold $409,213,518 of total structured settlement premium representing 11 percent of total U.S. structured settlement annuity premium ($3,570,584,333) for the same period. 

Additional post in S2KM's blog series: "Structured Settlements in 2012":

• Part 1 - Primary market

• Part 2 - Settlement planning

• Part 3 - Secondary market

• Part 4 - Executive Life of New York

AIG Bailout Ends

Four years following its $182 billion financial bailout of American International Group, Inc. (AIG), the United States Department of Treasury (Treasury) and the Federal Reserve have now sold almost all of their remaining AIG ownership interest, which at one time reached 92 percent, and have achieved a net positive investment return of $22.7 billion.

This remarkable result was achieved today when the Treasury announced the sale of 234 million common shares at $32.50 per share, the same price it received for a similar sale in September 2012.

For details about the most recent sale plus an historical perspective on AIG's recovery, see this Bloomberg News article posted on "New Jersey Business".

AIG Structured Settlements

AIG's significant role in the U.S. structured settlement market, and the impact of AIG's 2008 financial collapse, are apparent from annual AIG structured settlement annuity premium results compiled by Melissa Evola - with AIG's estimated annual share of the U.S. structured settlement annuity market in parentheses.

• 2002 - $1.179 billion (19%)
• 2003 - $1.195 billion (20%)
• 2004 - $1.221 billion (20%)
• 2005 - $1.316 billion (21%)
• 2006 - $1.463 billion (24%)
• 2007 - $1.468 billion (24%)
• 2008 - $1.454 billion (23%)
• 2009 - $0.429 billion (8%)
• 2010 - $0.499 billion (9%)
• 2011 - $0.395 billion (11%)

For the first three quarters of 2012, based upon Evola's reporting, AIG (Amgen/AILife) sold $409,213,518 of total structured settlement premium representing 11 percent of total U.S. structured settlement annuity premium ($3,570,584,333) for the same period.

Within those totals, AIG sold "non-qualified"(tax deferred) structured settlement annuity premium of $35,406,499 representing 25 percent of the total non-qualified structured settlement annuity premium ($143,480,280).

For estimated annual structured settlement annuity premium (1975-2011), see the structured settlement wiki.